Exponential sums appear in the study of algebraic varieties over finite fields through sums of additive or multiplicative characters evaluated at polynomial functions. L-functions encapsulate ...

Real and complex functions both arise from the fundamental idea of mapping points in a domain to real or complex values, yet their theories display distinctive features. Real functions—mappings ...

Oscilloscopes are the workhorse instruments for time domain measurements. Most current digital oscilloscopes include about twenty-five built in measurement parameters as a standard complement. Adding ...